This study aims to determine the comparative advantage between modes of transport by distance in Vietnam. From theoretical background and research modeling, the study analyzed data for a 21-year period from 1995 to 2015. The results of the study show that transport distance is an important factor in choosing the mode of transportation in Vietnam. As to passenger transport, road transport is still the most common mode, followed by air transport, while water and rail transport are becoming less common. To be more specific, air transport is tending to grow and express the advantage by distance. The remaining modes do not express the advantage by distance. Unlike passenger transport, in cargo transport, water transport is used most often, followed by road and rail transport. In that, only water transport expresses the advantage of distance and air transport only accounts for a negligible proportion.
