Food security is a challenge faced by all developing nations today. It is accepted internationally as the index of welfare and prosperity. For a Nation like India which also faces the problem of population explosion, the maintenance of a balance between food production and population becomes a Herculean task. In states like Kerala, there is the multiple challenge of shrinking paddy fields, increasing density of population and shift to other occupations and migrations in search of jobs. To encourage sustainable agricultural productivity in Kerala, land-on-lease system should be reformulated in accordance with the needs of sustainable agriculture production.