The female reproductive system of the emu consisted of an unpaired ovary appearing as bunch of grapes and an oviduct. The ovary is dark brown to black in colour with numerous ovarian follicles concentrated on the ventral surface, which was attached to the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae by the mesovarium and closely related to the ventral surface of the cranial and middle lobes of the left kidney. The ventral surface of the ovary is covered with developing ovarian follicles and by the spleen. The fully developed left oviduct of the emu appeared as a long, less convoluted, highly vascular tube. The infundibulum was composed of a cranial funnel shaped part and a caudal narrow tubular part or chalaziferous region. The funnel shaped part was opened towards the left ovary by a wide slit like opening, abdominal opening of the oviduct. The mucosal folds were distinct in the tubular region of the emu infundibulum. The magnum was the largest in size and diameter, most convoluted part of the oviduct in laying birds but short, straight region in non-laying emu birds. The wall of the magnum was relatively thick and consisted of 25 to 35 well developed primary longitudinally oriented folds. The isthmus was a narrow region while the shell gland region was an expanded pouch like structure. The uterus or shell gland was divisible into the narrow tubular part and the main pouch like part with mucosal folds running in slight spiral pattern or oblique in the pars minor uteri and longitudinal in the pars major uteri in non-laying birds. These folds were longitudinal throughout in the thick walled uterus in laying birds. The thick walled vagina was a straight tube with many regularly arranged taller parallel mucosal folds in non-laying emu birds.
