A descriptive, cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism among patients with chronic renal failure who attend Az Zawiyah Kidney Hospital for hemodialysis. The duration of hemodialysis, blood level of iPTH (intact parathyroid hormone), calcium and phosphate were considered. This study has found that, among the fifty patients, forty-seven of them have hyperparathyroidism, and 35 patients from these 47 patients has tertiary hyperparathyroidism. While, only 12 patients have SHPT. However, the level of iPTH was much higher among patients with SHPT than that among patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Moreover, there was a significant coefficient correlation between iPTH level and the duration of hemodialysis among the 47 patients (p-value≤0.05). In CKD SHPT develops, because parathyroid gland tries to correct the calcium-phosphorus imbalance by releasing more and more of parathyroid hormone. This continues stimulation of the parathyroid gland causes increase of the gland's size and hyperplasia of its cells, which lead to tertiary hyperparathyroidism. CKD patients must have a good follow up and they should take a proper supplements and prophylaxes drugs to avoid the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in order to decrease their morbidity and mortality.
