The two important material parameters, electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability determine the optical properties of the materials. Together, the permittivity ε and permeability μ determine the response of the material to the electromagnetic radiation. Photonic crystals are artificial materials having periodic modulation in dielectric constant whose Bragg gap is highly sensitive to the lattice constant, incident angle and polarization of the incident light. The properties of photonic crystals are also affected by disorder, randomness and fabrication tolerances. Here, the defect modes composed of metamaterials are discussed which would be immune from the random thickness error in the fabrication procedure and be insensitive to the scale length change, angle of incidence and polarization.
