Extreme values of climatic variables (winds) present challenges in terms of the stability of built structures and environmental risks. In fact, estimating the recurrence of extreme wind speeds and basic natural speeds provides essential information for the design of certain civil engineering structures, such as buildings, bridges and others, with a view to ensuring their self-stability and, ultimately, the protection of the population and their environment. The aim of this work is to estimate the extreme speeds and basic gentle speeds of the winds in order to prevent the risks associated with the collapse and instability of certain built structures. The data used in our work cover a period from 1981 to 2020 and were obtained from meteorological observations at 09 stations across the country. The distribution law used in this work is Gumbel's law. The maximum annual wind speeds were adjusted to this law, and the parameters were estimated using an appropriate methodology. Based on Gumbel's law, it produced interesting results for all the weather stations considered. All these calculations show that the area most sensitive to wind is Kouilou Pointe-Noire (Vnb = 4.75m/s and Ve = 8.29m/s), and the least sensitive is Brazzaville (Vnb = 1.75m/s and Ve = 3.07m/s). These data are essential for calculating the basic and extreme dynamic pressures with a view to sizing civil engineering structures.
