VOLUME 15, ISSUE 12, DECEMBER, 2024

Cette étude a étéréalisée dans le but de diagnostiquer l'activité piscicole dans la zone de Niamey. Elle émane des résultats obtenus à l’issue de 3 mois (juillet à septembre, 2023) d’études auprès des pisciculteurs.L'objectif principalde cette étude était de recueillir des données exhaustives sur les aménagements piscicoles de la zone périurbaine de la ville Niamey. En effet, l’enquête a effectué une étude approfondie sur les équipements dédiés à l'élevage de poissons, en vue de dresser un bilan complet de cette activité et de connaitre les contraintes auxquelles font face les producteurs dans la localité. 91% des pisciculteurs sont deshommes, de tranche d’âge majoritairement comprise entre 61 et 70 ans (50%). Plusieurs défis ont été révélés sur la rentabilité de la production qui varie selon les pisciculteurs : ceux bénéficiant de soutiens, de ressources adéquates et d'expérience tirent profit de leur activité, tandis que d'autres rencontrent des difficultés, notamment en raison du manque de soutien des opérateurs économiques et de l’incapacité à trouver des consommateurs en nombre satisfaisant, ainsi que de leur manque d’expérience et du déficit d'organisations non gouvernementales pour les appuyer.

Mysids or opossum shrimps are grouped under macro-zooplankton which are used for human consumption. Mysids are harvested using hand trawl made of mosquito netting during low tide period at surface water. The study was carried out on monthly basis from one site from Coastal area, three sites from Mangrove estuarine area and three sites from Saltpan twice a month during May 2016 to December 2017.They show significant variation in their availability in different seasons. All the embryos within a single brood pouch were found at the same stage of development. The development of embryos within the brood pouch divided into three distinct stages as “eggs like embryos”, “eyeless embryos” and “eyed embryos”. Mysids from Coastal waters found more fecund than mysids from other Estuarine waters and Salt pan waters. Brood ratio of “Egg like embryos”, “Eyeless embryos” and “Eyed embryos” also indicates that coastal waters are more productive followed by estuarine waters and salt pan waters.

Hair Palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis is characterized by abnormal thickening and roughness of the skin on the palms and soles, often resulting from increased keratin production. This condition can be triggered by various factors, including vitamin A deficiency and chronic exposure to toxins such as arsenic. A 63-year-old male patient with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and schizophrenia developed eczema on his palms and soles, which progressively worsened post-vaccination. The homeopathic approach offers a holistic treatment method that addresses both the physical symptoms and underlying causes. This paper explores the effectiveness of homeopathy in managing hyperkeratosis, particularly in cases with complicating factors such as chronic illness and post-vaccination reactions.

In the present study, both the GaN buffer layer approach and the sapphire SiN treatment method were used to develop GaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate. The growth was controlled in situ by 632.8 nm laser reflectometry. The GaN-grown layer structure wasinvestigated via high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). TheGaN structural properties improved upon SiN treatment. In addition, spectroscopic transmittance was used to determine the change in the bandgap energy of GaN upon SiN treatment.Spectroscopic ellipsometric (SE) data (ψ and ) acquired in the wavelength range 400-1700 nm, were analyzed using a multilayer approach. The extracted refractive indices were found to follow a Cauchy-type dispersion. Upon SiN treatment, there is a blueshift and a decrease in the refractive index. At 600 nm, the GaN refractive index decreases from 2.395 to 2.374. The SE refractive indices measurements agree with the spectroscopic reflectometry (SR) results.

The assessment phase is the first phase (out of five) of the nursing process which provides all the information needed to initially plan for patient care. It is often performed by nurses when patients are admitted to a health facility, within a maximum of 8hours for stable patients and 24hours for unstable patients at the point of admission. Sometimes, the activities of this phase are well performed. In other times, the performance might not be satisfactory. Opinion seems to suggest that a knowledge gap is responsible for these inconsistencies. The objectives of this study were to identify the activities of the assessment phase, assess the definitions of the assessment phase, identify parameters used in the assessment phase of the nursing process. The study population were nurses at the Regional Hospital Bamenda. Sampling was done using the convenience sampling method. The sample size was 80 nurses. Instrument for data collection was a questionnaire which was self-administered. Ethical clearance was sought as well as informed consent from the participants. Data collected was sorted for completeness, tallied and was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.The results were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05. The results reveal that majority (87.5%) of the nurses were female, 50% were in the age group 20-30years, 55% had a diploma and 58.8% had a working experience of 1-5years. Ninety percent of the nurses knew that assessment was the first step of the nursing process and 50% gave a definite definition of the assessment phase. In all, 68.8% of the participants agreed that all the listed activities were part of the assessment phase of the nursing process. A significant representation of the population, 37.5% of the nurses surprisingly left assessment as a medical doctor’s role, while 52.5% held that it provides the needed data to care for the patient. There was a statistically significant association of p=0.009 between those responsible for assessment and those who neglect it. The results can be used in the sensitization of nurses on the assessment phase of the nursing process through seminars and workshops, as well as reinforce it in training institutions.

Erythema Multiforme is a rare, immune-mediated skin disorder that presents with painful, itchy eruptions, often triggered by infections or medications. A 19-year-old male with severe eruptions on his face, shoulders, and back found no relief from conventional treatments. However, homeopathic intervention led to significant improvement within three months, showcasing the potential of homeopathy to provide individualized, effective care. This paper explores the homeopathic approach in treating Erythema Multiforme.

Pediculosis capitis, a common scalp condition caused by infestation with Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice), frequently affects preschool and elementary-aged children, with females being more prone than males. A 45-year-old female presented with severe lice and nits infestation due to lack of hair her hair became matted, causing intense itching and an offensive smell, ultimately leading to the need for head shaving. Homeopathy offers effective treatment for pediculosis capitis, using gentle remedies to achieve a lice-free scalp without harsh chemicals.

Guttate psoriasis is a form of psoriasis whose appearance is small, drop-shaped, red lesions covered with silvery scales. This condition commonly affects the trunk, limbs, and scalp, and is more frequently seen in younger individuals, including children and young adults. This case study explores the homeopathic treatment of a 63-year-old male patient with guttate psoriasis, highlighting the gradual improvement in both the skin lesions and overall well-being over several months.

Currently, computers and the internet are two “things” that cannot be separated. Computers have become “information management centers”. Information is received, stored, retrieved, processed and then exchanged (shared) everywhere. The question of where the information is obtained and then shared means nothing if there is no such thing as the ‘internet’. Does the computer have to be in the form of a ‘Personal Computer, PC?”, ‘Note Book’ or ‘Laptop’. No. The android phone that we hold (we call it a “cell phone”) is also a computer. Cell phones also utilize the internet. So, internet services, with the help of computers, are what allow everyone to communicate centrally. We call all these centralized facilities ‘Computer Mediated Communication’ (CMC).

Methylene blue (MB) is a synthetic dye widely used in textile industries. This work describes the application of solar radiation to direct photolysis degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution. Experiments were conducted at room temperature to study the effects of exposure time, solution volume and MB concentration on dye degradation rates. The results show that the maximum amount of methylene blue removed is 6.8 mg/L, obtained at an initial concentration of 10 mg/L, volume of 50 mL and exposure to solar radiation for 5 hours. These results also point to an increased efficacy of direct photolysis of methylene blue as the dye concentration increases. Kinetic model analysis indicates that the absorption of methylene blue follows a first-order kinetics, with a constant velocity k = 1,3 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Direct photolysis by solar radiation is an effective method for degrading or even eliminating methylene blue in water.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of inclusive teaching activities on students' mathematical competencies in public secondary schools in Muhanga District, Rwanda. The study aimed to assess the types of inclusive teaching used by teachers, evaluate their effects on mathematical skills, and identify their influence on student competencies. A sample of 188 respondents, including 20 teachers and 161 students from four schools, was selected using purposeful and random sampling techniques. Employing a descriptive research design, both quantitative and qualitative methods were utilized, with data analyzed via SPSS version 21. Findings revealed that a majority of respondents endorsed various inclusive practices: 80.6% supported empathetic practical activities, 84.2% favored technological inclusivity, and 83.9% agreed on the use of learner-centered approaches. The study concluded that these activities significantly enhance problem-solving, critical thinking, and motivation among students. Specifically, there was a positive association between empathetic practical activities and improved problem-solving, while learner-centered strategies correlated with enhanced logical reasoning and creativity. The study recommends that the government ensure schools have the necessary resources for implementing inclusive teaching and that MINEDUC evaluate these strategies. Future research should explore the effects of inclusive teaching on student motivation and engagement.

L’agro-écologie (AE) est au cœur des débats de nos jours, pour donner une orientation aux systèmes agricoles qui doivent être performants et durables.L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser la perception des producteurs des pratiques AE importantes en fonction de laproduction agricole, et celles contraignantes dans leur mise en œuvre. Des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès d’un réseau de 504 producteurs au Niger, au Burkina Faso et en Côte d’Ivoire. Les données collectées ont concerné les caractéristiques socio-démographiques des exploitations agricoles (EA), les pratiques AE.Les résultats montrent que l’association arbustes-cultures, l’amendement organique, l’insertion des légumineuses et les dispositifs anti-érosifs sont perçus par les producteurs comme étant les pratiques AE les plus importantes dans la production agricole. Globalement, les pratiques AE qui présentent plus de contraintes de mise en œuvre sont l’agroforesterie (association arbres/arbustes-cultures), l’association céréales-légumineuses, et les dispositifs anti-érosifs. De façon spécifique, le paillage et l’amendement organique apparaissent également comme des pratiques AE les plus contraignantes à mettre en œuvre, respectivementau Burkina Faso au Niger. Ces résultats suggèrent de mieux structurer les chaines de valeurs autour des légumineuses, de la fumure organique et de l’agroforesterie pour en faire des leviers d’actions pour une transition AE réussie en Afrique subsaharienne. Il faut également que tout cela soit soutenu par des politiques agricoles mieux articulées autour des évolutions futures des agricultures qui prennent en compte la dynamique démographique des pays de l’Afrique subsaharienne et la dimension environnementale.

With Heat stress causes detrimental effects on duck production which generate negative economic impacts. Thus, raising Pekin duck as heat stress tolerant breeds and are well-adapted to Philippine climate and feeding azolla that is well-known for its high crude protein, lysine and glutamine that can combat heat stress due to immune-modulatory effect is indeed significant alternative strategy. The study aimed to determine the stress level, behavior and economics of pekin duck fed with different levels of fresh azolla raised under induced heat stress. Significant differences among dietary treatments were analyzed using Scheffe’s Test. Findings showed that pekin ducks fed with azolla have significantly heavier final weights and lower blood and urine cortisol level. Moreover, feeding azolla did not trigger any aggressive behavior and molting and significantly reduced the feather pecking behavior. Pekin ducks fed with azolla raised under induced heat stress significantly improved the eating percentage. In general, pekin ducks provided with 50%-75% azolla have significantly higher incurred net income and ROI. Generally, provision of azolla up to 75% in dietary ration is recommended for farmer’s adaptation to improved eating habit while lowering blood and urine cortisol and reducing aggression of ducks and increase profit even under induced heat stress.

With the ultimate goal of sustaining eco-friendly goat farming, identifying high quality feeds and preservation techniques to improved utilization efficiency which reduces GHGs, is vital to improve the overall goat productivity and elevate raisers profit. The study aims to determine the feeding efficiency of varieties of napiergrass fermented with various substrates on the growth, in-vivo digestibility and economics in raising upgraded goats. Study was laid-out following RCB design, where goats are treated with varieties of napiergrass fermented with different substrates and data were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer Test. Florida cultivar has the highest DM, protein content, and lactic acid content with 30.10%, 5.91g/100g and 32.80%, respectively. Silage fermented with wheat bran have the highest DM of 31.3%-45%, 5.18%-7.03% CP, and 33.0-39.0% lactic acid. Florida significantly improved weight gain (WTG), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), digestibility of forage, grasses, and silage, net income and ROI. Wheat bran in silage significantly improved final weight (FWT), WTG, ADG, FCR, digestibility of forage, grasses, silage, legumes, net income and ROI. Generally, raising goats fed with Florida silage fermented with wheat bran improved the forage, grasses, silage, and legume digestibility, which consequently improved the growth and eventually increases profit in raising upgraded goats.

The shea tree is the one of the most important tree in the Sahel because of it economic, social and other ecosystem services for the local communities. This study aims to evaluate the level of natural regeneration of Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (shea) and others important trees in the agroforestry parks using the Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) technique in the villages of Dongo, Katcheli and Torem, in South Central region of Burkina Faso. For this, FMNR was evaluated in five (5) farmers’ fields per village and fifteen (15) fields for the 3 villages. In each field, the assessment was done in Five (5) plots of 2,000 m2, for an exhaustive inventory of all tree species. The results show that the tree species with a regular distribution in the field are in population importance order Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn, Pilliostigma reticulatum, Diospyros mespiliformis, Gardenia erubescens, Adansonia digitata, and Azardirachta indica. The assessment also shows that The global trees regeneration rate is 48.62% in Katcheli, 46.51% in Torem and 33.06% in Dongo. These rates are below 50% and this is mainly due to land preparation for crop production in these agroforestry parks. The dominant tree naturally regenerated and managed by farmers is Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn (shea), representing 85.39% in Torem, 75% in Dongo and 69.14% in Katcheli. The Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) technique can be used to increase the regeneration if farmers are trained and closely followed.

Depletion of crude oil reservoirs around the world increased the costs of crude oil, and also the issues related to the environment seemed to be an emerging problem with the potential to shape human lives in profound ways. These problems are perhaps in great need of attention from the researchers to find an alternative way to build a sustainable environment. Many current articles focus on vegetable-based lubricants which are eco-friendly, biodegradable, renewable, and sustainable and have gained popularity and are accepted globally. Therefore, vegetable-based lubricant has become a potential alternative to conventional petro-based lubricant. Vegetable-basedlubricants are not widely commercialized due to their inappropriate chemical structure which leads to poor oxidative stability, poor corrosion protection, susceptibility to hydrolytic breakdown, solidification at low temperatures, poor flow, and poor viscosity index which lags them during application in odd conditions. The challenge in this field of study is to improve the above-mentioned properties and characteristics of vegetable oil without degrading their excellent tribological and environmentally applicable properties. The structural problem related to vegetable oil can be overcome by chemical modification to make it fit for the application of lubricant. Parameters like temperature, catalyst concentration, duration, and methanol oil ratio are necessary to obtain a better yield. The final ester obtained depends on the nature of alcohol and the use of a catalyst becomes necessary when the alcohol used is a complex type.

Water hyacinth, also known as Eichhornia crassipes, is native to South America but has spread throughout the world to tropical and subtropical regions. These invasive plants are notorious for their rapid growth and ability to form thick mats on water surfaces, causing ecological, economic and social problems. Rapid expansion can reduce biodiversity, clog waterways and limit access to water resources for activities such as agriculture, fishing and transport. In addition, water hyacinth can be a breeding ground for disease-carrying organisms, causing health problems for nearby populations. Actions to control water hyacinth include physical removal, biological agents such as pesticides, and chemical treatments. However, these methods can be problematic due to their vigorous growth and rapid regeneration under favorable conditions. To effectively address these issues, integrated management strategies that focus on environmental sustainability and community participation are essential. Protecting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the management of water resources requires coordinated action at local, regional and global levels. The aim of this review is to examine the ecological impact of water hyacinth on the aquatic environment and propose practical solutions to reduce its negative effects. Despite its unhealthy nature, water hyacinth has benefits such as house building, soil erosion control, water purification and economic value in some areas.

The new variant of equation of metabolism as “Donators (first stage of proton conductance) + membrane - redox potentials three state line system + O2 (Hemoglobin of pulmonary capillary-8-th stage, Hemoglobin of tissue-87 trillion cell surrounded capillary-9-th stage,) + ADP + Pi + (H+ + nH + memb.space - proton gradient-4-th stage) = (ATP + heat energy-5 -th stage) + H2O (5-th stage) + (nH + matrix) + CO2(second stage of proton conductance)”, which give to us the possility to speak about of existing of two forms of free protons as at first : left side of equation - Н+ membrane space – formed by this reaction as - СНО- food molecules , separated from СНО - Н- hydrogen atom , separated from hydrogen atom free proton, free electron –proton gradient – at second : right side of equation H+ matrix is the main Molecular mechanism of the Membrane Redoxy Potential: A Three-State-Dependency Closed 9-Step Stepped Cycle of Proton Conductance. In such way all processes including from Sixth stage – to Ningh stage of proton conductance may be describe as carbon dioxide diffuses in to the plasma and red blood cells (in the tissue capillaries), carbon dioxide is released from red blood cells, proton is released from red blood cells (in the pulmonary capillaries), oxygen diffuses in to plasma from alveolus, oxygen binds to hemoglobin, in the chloride shift as HCO3 diffuses in to red blood cells, proton and carbon dioxide are combined with hemoglobin, that has released oxygen, promotes the release of oxygen from hemoglobin – oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells and plasma in to tissues – mitochondria of 87 trillion cells through oxygen channeling lipid based pathways.

O Sistema Agro-Florestal é parte integrante das florestas e agricultura, sendo uma área usada para obtenção de graus académicos em várias universidades em todo o mundo. Porém, foi objectivo do estudo caracterizar as práticas agro-florestais tradicionais da comunidade de Quimela, Posto Administrativo de Ocua, distrito de Chiúre.O levantamento de dados foi feito com base num questionário onde foram usadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, inquéritos e observações nas machambas/habitações dos agricultores. Segundo a natureza das componentes foram identificadas as seguintes práticas agro-florestais: agrisilvicultura e agrosilvopastorícia sendo a agrisilvicultura apresentado com maior frequência cerca de 92.5%e 7.5% respectivamente. A componente perene constituída por fruteiras, cajueiro, bananeira, mangueira, goiabeira, laranjeira, limoeiro e espécies florestais Acaciakarro, Adansoniadigitata, Moringa olenifera ,Acaciatortilis, Piliostigmathonningii, Combretum imberbe, Pterocarpusangolensis Annonasenegalensis, Ziziphusmauritiana e Sclerocaryabirrea. A componente anual é formada principalmente por abobora, arroz, gergelim, mandioca, mapira, milho e cana-de-açúcar enquanto a componente animal inclui cabrito, ovelhas, galinhas, pombos e pato. As principais práticas identificadas são: hortas caseiras e árvores de uso múltiplo em áreas de culturas. Conclui-se que os agricultores dependem dos sistemas agro-florestais para sua subsistência e os mostraram que tem mínimo conhecimento em relação as árvores nos campos agrícolas devido aos benefícios múltiplos que estes trazem.

Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.) is among few indigenous crops in Ethiopia with a great potential for food and nutritional security, medicinal and socio-economically importance. Despite its importance, limited research was made in exploring the genetic diversity of anchote. Understanding the nature and magnitude of diversity and interrelationship among anchote genotypes for qualitative traits is vital to hasten the effective improvement of the crop. The present study investigated the extent and pattern of diversity within and among 400 accessions of anchote using agro-morphological qualitative traits. The accessions were collected from ten administrative zones ofWestern, South western and North western Ethiopia including East Wollega, West Wollega, Kelem Wollega, Horro Guduru Wollega, Buno Bedelle, Iluababor, Jimma, Bench Maji, West Shewa and Hulet Eju-Enese) from the altitude range of 1412 to 3025 m above sea level. The trial was planted during the off-seasons of 2017 and 2018 using irrigation on vertisols at the research site of Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, Bishoftu. Data on 42 qualitative traits were taken and subjected to analysis using the SAS version 9.1.3 software, R for Alpha- Lattice design. There was a highly significant difference among the genotypes for leaf, vine and flower traits including leaf blade degree of lobbing, leaf general outline, mature foliage color, mature leaf size, mature leaf lobe types, number of leaf lobes, shape of central leaf lobe, internode length and diameter, vine tip pubescence, predominant and secondary vine color, tendril twining direction, limb shape, sepal shape, sepal apex, sepal pubescence, sepal color, and style color suggesting the existence of genetic variability among the accessions. Wider ranges among traits have been exhibited for all root traits; root size and variability, predominant and secondary root flesh color, predominant and secondary root skin colors, root shape, root surface constriction and defects, root cortex thickness and color, root formation, root stalk, root skin texture, root latex production and oxidation. There was no root cracking and root surface and flesh defects across the accessions. The variability of root size ranged from uniform to slightly variable, predominant and secondary flesh colors classified under white and creamy, predominant and secondary skin colors were similar to the internal flesh colors, root shapes classified in to round and round elliptic, root cortex thickness was very thin(<1 mm) to thin(1-2 mm), closed to open clustered root formation, short (2-5 cm) to intermediate (6-8 cm) root stalk length, and no root cracking has been observed. Root latex production among the accessions ranged from little to some, and the amount of browning observed 5-10 seconds after root cut was very little. The root size showed slight (19.5%) to moderate (79.5%) variations. Predominant root flesh color of most genotypes was creamy (63%), white (23.75%) and dark cream (10.75%). The root formation structure of most accessions was closed (95%), and few were open (5%). The number of leaf lobes was diverse, and the majority (93%) had between two to four leaf lobes. A wide range of genetic variations occurred for all traits except for root cracking and flesh defects. Root skin color had a positive phenotypic correlation with secondary root flesh color. Cluster analysis divided genotypes into six main groups indicating wider genetic diversity among accessions. The principal component analysis (PCA) also indicated that the accessions were grouped into seventeen components with eigenvalue > 1 and explained 64.99 % of the variability. The variation exhibited in this experiment could be attributed to environmental and genetic factors. The morphological variability and traits relationship exhibited in this study could provide a new selection mechanism in future improvement programs of anchote.

A partir de 306 questionnaires remplis par des enseignants de 22 établissements et du corpus textuel obtenu de 99 entretiens de plusieurs groupes cibles, la présente analyse en lien avec l’« étude sur les bonnes pratiques civiques et citoyennes dans les enseignements post-primaire et secondaire au Burkina Faso : contenus et stratégies de formation des acteurs »,permet de connaître les interventions qui sont mises en œuvre pour lutter contre l’incivisme au sein des établissements par le canal des pratiques civiques et citoyennes. Ainsi, de cette analyse des données respectivement, sur SPSS et sur QDAminer et suivant le cadre théorique d’analyse des données, il ressort que, en classe, les établissements du privé religieux aborde plus d’items (9/9) que les deux autres statuts public (7/9) et privé laïc (6/9) alors que 2/9 items abordés dans le privé religieux ne le sont pas dans les deux statuts. Hors de la classe, le privé religieux et le public, abordent plus d’items (5/11) que le privé laïc (4/11) et un seul item abordé « pratique jeux associatifs et sport » dans le privé religieux est absent dans les deux autres. En termes de ressources disponibles, le privé religieux aborde plus d’items également (5/8 contre 4/8 pour le public et le privé laïc) et 1/8 item « présence panneaux code routier » abordé dans le privé religieux est absent dans les deux autres statuts public et privé laïc. Cependant, cette même analyse montre selon les mêmes enseignants et bien d’autres groupes-cibles de l’étude qui les accompagnent, que les interventions dites abordées, manquent d’efficacité parce qu’elles manquent entre autres, d’implication de tous les acteurs à la fois et de coordination autour des valeurs sociales clefs du mieux-vivre ensemble.

This study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial market predictions, focusing on the application of machine learning models to improve the accuracy of stock price forecasts. It investigates the efficacy of combining time series analysis with advanced neural networks, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to analyze historical stock data and predict future trends. The results suggest significant improvement in predictive accuracy over traditional models.

Environmental and biodiversity risks were greatly increased by toxic heavy metal pollution, The various water samples environmental with a history of heavy metal toxicity resulting from human activities or natural origin released in the environment. Ensure representative sampling from various depths and locations within the fields. Their widespread distribution in the environment as a result of their numerous industrial, household, agricultural, medical, and technical applications has sparked worries about their possible consequences on the environment and public health. Bioluminescent bacteria are thought to be an essential and effective tool. The luminous bacteria for Waste water, Seawater, Tap water and monitoring of different toxicants was to be isolated, optimized, and applied. The Microtox assay is frequently employed as the initial screening method in a test battery to identify microbial toxicity. From various source it is reported that a heavy metal toxicity monitoring efficacy of Vibrio harveyi has the ability to detect pollution in distinct environmental and various water conditions. It is anticipated that the Vibrio sp. Could be succeed in toxicity detection at different environmental and various salinity conditions. The history of bacterial bioluminescence discoveries and its present uses in environmental research will be reviewed, with a focus on the Microassay and luminometer methods.

In order to develop the control signal for electrocardiograph (ECG), the property, forms, size and numeric parameters of the control signal shall be identified. In doing so, a mathematical processing and analysis were done on the electrocardiograms used as the input signal of the ECG because we supposed that the signal for checking normal condition of the equipment shall have the same rate and the same property with the equipment’s input signal. We aimed to select the most suitable option of control signals by making calculations using Fourier’s transformation. Up to date, the researches and studies on the electrocardiograms have been done only for clinical analysis, but it is insufficient today as the development of equipment and technology has reached much higher level. Thus, a feature-length study of electrocardiogram signals using special software has been started. In this study, while performing mathematical processing of the electrocardiograms, we used Mathcad for Fourier’s transformation.