Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide, representing about 10% of all female cancers. In sub-Saharan African countries, more than 80% of cervical cancers were undetected or incurable at the time of diagnosis. In Burkina Faso, a national cervical cancer prevention and control program is not established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the screening and treatment profile of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix in order to improve the quality of management of cervical lesions at the Regional Teaching Hospital of Ouahigouya. Population and method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with a retrospective chart review of data collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017. 1137 charts were reviewed. Results: From January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2017, 1137 women were screened using VIA (visual inspection using acetic acid). The mean age of patients was 35.8 years, the mean parity was 3.2 births and the prevalence of HIV positive women was 1.4%. 88.6% of participants were seen for their first VIA screening test and 8.4% were consulting for routine VIA. On cervical examination by direct visual inspection (DVI), 2.5% of patients had suspected lesions. On VIA, we recorded 2.8% of precancerous cervical lesions. Immediate cryotherapy was performed in 45.2% of screen-positive cases on a single-visit « screen-and-treat » basis. Conclusion: The screening of cervical precancerous lesions using VIA and their treatment using cryotherapy constitutes an alternative management in the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with cervical cancers in developing countries.
