Water hyacinth, also known as Eichhornia crassipes, is native to South America but has spread throughout the world to tropical and subtropical regions. These invasive plants are notorious for their rapid growth and ability to form thick mats on water surfaces, causing ecological, economic and social problems. Rapid expansion can reduce biodiversity, clog waterways and limit access to water resources for activities such as agriculture, fishing and transport. In addition, water hyacinth can be a breeding ground for disease-carrying organisms, causing health problems for nearby populations. Actions to control water hyacinth include physical removal, biological agents such as pesticides, and chemical treatments. However, these methods can be problematic due to their vigorous growth and rapid regeneration under favorable conditions. To effectively address these issues, integrated management strategies that focus on environmental sustainability and community participation are essential. Protecting aquatic ecosystems and ensuring the management of water resources requires coordinated action at local, regional and global levels. The aim of this review is to examine the ecological impact of water hyacinth on the aquatic environment and propose practical solutions to reduce its negative effects. Despite its unhealthy nature, water hyacinth has benefits such as house building, soil erosion control, water purification and economic value in some areas.
