Physical Sciences and Engineering

In the present study, both the GaN buffer layer approach and the sapphire SiN treatment method were used to develop GaN films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on a c-plane (0001) sapphire substrate. The growth was controlled in situ by 632.8 nm laser reflectometry. The GaN-grown layer structure wasinvestigated via high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). TheGaN structural properties improved upon SiN treatment.

The study aimed to investigate the impact of inclusive teaching activities on students' mathematical competencies in public secondary schools in Muhanga District, Rwanda. The study aimed to assess the types of inclusive teaching used by teachers, evaluate their effects on mathematical skills, and identify their influence on student competencies. A sample of 188 respondents, including 20 teachers and 161 students from four schools, was selected using purposeful and random sampling techniques.

In the present work, the observation process, connecting the observer with the observed objects, is examined. Criteria limiting the possibility of observation and resulting indeterminacies are defined. Two fundamentally different ways of monitoring are shown - passive and active. Dependencies connecting the observer with the time of life of the objects and the distances between them are derived.

L’agro-écologie (AE) est au cœur des débats de nos jours, pour donner une orientation aux systèmes agricoles qui doivent être performants et durables.L’objectif de cette étude était d’analyser la perception des producteurs des pratiques AE importantes en fonction de laproduction agricole, et celles contraignantes dans leur mise en œuvre. Des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès d’un réseau de 504 producteurs au Niger, au Burkina Faso et en Côte d’Ivoire.

Depletion of crude oil reservoirs around the world increased the costs of crude oil, and also the issues related to the environment seemed to be an emerging problem with the potential to shape human lives in profound ways. These problems are perhaps in great need of attention from the researchers to find an alternative way to build a sustainable environment. Many current articles focus on vegetable-based lubricants which are eco-friendly, biodegradable, renewable, and sustainable and have gained popularity and are accepted globally.

A partir de 306 questionnaires remplis par des enseignants de 22 établissements et du corpus textuel obtenu de 99 entretiens de plusieurs groupes cibles, la présente analyse en lien avec l’« étude sur les bonnes pratiques civiques et citoyennes dans les enseignements post-primaire et secondaire au Burkina Faso : contenus et stratégies de formation des acteurs »,permet de connaître les interventions qui sont mises en œuvre pour lutter contre l’incivisme au sein des établissements par le canal des pratiques civiques et citoyennes.

Le Sahel fait partie des zones de la planète les plus vulnérables face au réchauffement global. Mais des modèles climatiques avec comme données d’entrée les trajectoires des gaz à effet de serre, permettent d’anticiper le changement futur du climat. Ainsi plusieurs scénarios d’émission des gaz à effet de serre sont utilisés pour réaliser des simulations d’évolution de certains paramètres climatiques comme températureet précipitation.

The conservation of agricultural products constitutes a problem for Burkinabè farmers in particular. They use more preservation methods including solar drying. However, the majority place their products on plastic films, mats, even on the ground under solar radiation and exposed to insects, animals, wind or dust. In order to improve drying and hygiene conditions, several solar dryers have been invented but do not have a storage system that can continue drying after sunset. It is in this sense of solving this problem that we set out to design a solar dryer with energy storage.

This article focuses on the issue of arbitration misuse in jurisdictions that are susceptible to corruption and presents solutions to mitigate this problem. This underscores the vulnerability of arbitration, a highly regarded mechanism for settling commercial and international conflicts, to corruption, which undermines its integrity and impartiality. The paper examines many types of abuse, such as conflicts of interest and transparency concerns, and their effects on legal and economic institutions.

The safety of property and people against risks and electrical faults is essentially ensured by an earthing system. The essential element of the latter is the electrical resistivity of the soil. This is influenced by several factors. In this work, we used the georeference coordinates of the point (A), state of nature the day before the measurement (B), state of nature on the day of the measurement (C), and the ambient temperature at the measurement point (D). 9513 in-situ measurement samples on selected sites in Lomé constitute the database.