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This review highlights ecosystem services from a global perspective. The Earth holds diverse terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecosystems support all life on Earth. Humans derive enormous benefits, directly or indirectly, from ecosystems. Ecosystems provide supporting services, such as soil formation and nutrient cycling; regulating services, such as erosion control and climate regulation; provisioning services, such as water and food; and cultural services, such as recreational and religious values.

Togo, like many other West African countries, does not have precise data on the nature of the temperature variation cycle on pavements, even though they are subject to an aggressive tropical climate, warm in nature. The bituminous mixes used on the roads of Togo have a viscoelastic behaviour strongly influenced by the temperature cycle within the pavements with bituminous coating, thus causing premature deformations.

Aim: To determine whether peri-operative cell phone massaging patients undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty improves the satisfaction rate. Methods: We conducted a RCT of 90 patients and were left with 80 patients at final analysis, 40 participants in each group. Results: In the study group, 57.5% were satisfied, 22.5% very satisfied, 12.5% indifferent and 7.5% were dissatisfied versus the control group’s 77.5% satisfied, 17.5% indifferent and 5% dissatisfied.

Le coton est une culture stratégique pour le Burkina Faso car source d’entrée de devises et permettant la modernisation des exploitations. Cependant,la productivité des cultures dans les systèmesà base de coton de plus en plus faible s’explique par plusieurs raisons dont des pratiques agricoles inappropriées.

Lipoma is a common soft tissue tumor, occurring in different parts of the body. Lipoma originating in the oral mucosa is a rare presentation contributing around 1% to 5% of benign oral tumors. It typically presents as an asymptomatic yellowish oral mass. We herein discuss a case of a 50-year-old man who presented to our department with a tongue swelling that had existed for an unknown period. Clinical examination showed a yellowish, soft, nodular lesion measuring 8cm in diameter. Histological examination confirmed the mass as a benign lipoma.

Based on laboratory studies, the article substantiates the scope of application, efficiency, reliability and the possibility of maximum extraction of oil reserves from multi-layer oil and gas horizons with a large depth of occurrence, composed of weakly cemented rocks. The article also considers the possibility of using various methods of mechanized oil production in relation to the conditions of the Altyguyi field.

The main objective of this study was to assess the macromorphological and physicochemical characterization of two types of agricultural soils in the town of Abeche. The hydromorphic soils and brown steppe soils have been retained. Data collection consisted of taking the surface layers (0-20 cm) of crop fields. The layers were taken using a quartering device. Soil wells have been opened and described. The samples taken are dried, crushed, sieved and packaged. The various analyzes were carried out at the laboratory of the Food Quality Control Center (FQCC) in N'Djamena.

The conventional method of preparing specimens for scanning electron microscopy involves both glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide leading to considerable shrinkage of cells with appearance of artefacts. Present study eliminated the issues like shrinkage and occurrence of artefacts during SEM imaging.

This study involves geological material, topographic phenomena and the river system in a cause-and-effect relationship in the Mayo-Kebbi watershed. This river connects South - West Chad to Northern Cameroon via the Benoué River, which connects with the Niger river basin. The main objective of this work is to understand the influence of geological material and topographic factors on the Mayo-Kebbi hydrographic system. For this purpose, the description of the rocks in place and their structure was made on the basis of a state of the art of the acquired knowledge.

Depuis la décennie 2000, la question alimentaire s’impose, de plus en plus, dans le débat public, au Sénégal. Suite à la multiplication de crises alimentaires et de scandales sanitaires liés à la consommation de certains produits, cette question est devenue centrale aussi bien dans les préoccupations des ménages que dans celles des pouvoirs publics. Ainsi, l’exigence grandissante du consommateur en matière de qualité incite à la mise en place d’outils permettant une meilleure collaboration entre les différents acteurs concernés.