Life Sciences

Amblyopia, usually known as "lazy eye," is a childhood vision disorder resulting from impaired coordination between the brain and the eye during early visual development, leading to reduced vision in one eye. It is a universal public health concern, affecting 1-5% of the population, with higher prevalence in developing countries due to limited access to early diagnosis and treatment. Untreated amblyopia can cause permanent vision loss, impacting education and career prospects.

Rice is one of the most widely used staple foods in the world. However, its production is still very limited compared to the exponentially growing demand. Senegal, with an average consumption of 90 kg/habitant, is the third largest importer of rice in Africa. Aware of the impact of imports on the population, Senegal has set itself the objective of achieving food self-sufficiency by 2022 with an average yield of 5T/ha. ISRA, through its research, contributes to the achievement of this objective by developing adapted technologies.

This work reports the development of a UV-induced thiol–ene photografting process applied to cellulosic paper in a batch reactor, enabling homogeneous and controlled surface functionalization. Parametric optimisation revealed that increasing the thiol concentration from 0.05 to 0.20 mol•L⁻¹ raised the grafted sulfur content from 0.18% to 1.02%, while thiol conversion reached 98% after 90 min of irradiation at 15 mW•cm⁻².

Côte d'Ivoire, the world's largest producer of cocoa, is not outside the constraints linked to this crop. In addition to diseases like swollen shoot, certain bio-aggressors such as termites wreak havoc in cocoa trees. The objective of this study is to evaluate the yield loss linked to termite attacks on cocoa trees in different agroforestry systems. Yield was evaluated by selecting ten (10) infested and ten (10) non-infested cocoa trees in 30 m x 30 m quadrats installed in each plot.

This study examined the epidemiology of Salmonella Typhi in Kala'a Hong Local Government Area, Adamawa State. The research aimed to identify the prevalence, distribution, and risk factors associated with Salmonella Typhi infections within the region. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with samples collected from both clinical and environmental sources across selected communities. Laboratory analyses confirmed the presence of Salmonella Typhi, with results indicating a significant prevalence rate among the population.

The objective of this work is to determine the appropriateness of the effect of agroecology in bean plantations to increase bean grain yield and increase the protein content in the grain. Eleven varieties (local and imported) were tested on the agro-ecology of the Republic of Congo, the random block system with three (3) replicates, each block was made up of 11 experimental plots. The results of the agro-ecological trials on beans were carried out by comparing the average rates of the plants.

The widespread use of antibiotics in livestock production has raised significant concerns regarding public health, environmental sustainability, and social well-being. Despite their role in preventing infections and promoting growth in animals, antibiotic use in farming has been linked to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a major threat to human health. This study aims to assess the environmental and social impacts of antibiotic usage in livestock production, with a focus on its contribution to the growing public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Agriculture is essential due to the current and future challenges related to food that our society must face. Agriculture is a precious resource, and problems in it can lead to famine and migration crises. Smart agriculture can increase productivity and crop yield with new operating and business models. Smart agriculture relies on information and communication technology (ICT). However, a cyberattack on a country’s agricultural ICT can jeopardize an entire nation.

Solanum melongena (SM) or eggplant and Solanum lycopersicum belongs to the family Solanaceae. The present research work investigates the effects of combination of both extracts for analgesics and inflammatory activities. Fresh leaves were collected, weighed, grinded and mixed into fine powder followed for Soxhlet extraction using hydro-alcohol (50-50%) as solvent. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using eddy’s hot plate method and formalin induced paw oedema model using plethysmograph.

Mesothelioma, a malignant cancer affecting the pleura, peritoneum, and other organs, remains a major health challenge due to its poor prognosis. Proteins like Bcl-2A1 and Bcl2-L-10-2 contribute to apoptotic resistance, while NPM2 and CLDN-4 serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study used in silico methods to analyze these proteins, aiming to uncover molecular insights for targeted treatments. Using FASTA sequences from NCBI and PDB, 3D models were developed via homology modeling with Modeller 10.4 and validated using SAVES v6.0 and ProSA.