Indian Knowledge System (IKS) is a vast body of knowledge deeply rooted in Indian culture, encompassing disciplines such as philosophy, spirituality, science and medicine. It is evidenced by its massive collection of intellectual texts, manuscripts and its well-documented heritage of texts, thinkers and philosophical schools in a wide range of subject areas. The IKS emphasize holistic well-being by using knowledge for self-purification, liberation and addressing contemporary challenges through ancient wisdom. The National Education Policy 2020 too emphasises on integrating IKS into education at various levels. The implementation of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) in higher education can be recognized as a crucial endeavour for fostering holistic development and critical thinking among students. This paper argues that the integration of IKS should focus not merely on the creation and transmission of content but on the development of a unique and diverse thought process based on Bharatiya Gyan Parampara. This idea aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020’s vision of creating an education system that nurtures critical thinkers and responsible citizens. By focusing on the development of thinking rather than the mere absorption of content, the implementation of IKS in higher education has the potential to enrich the intellectual landscape of students in HE. Integrating philosophical foundations, Indian cultural values, traditional & tribal knowledge and cognitive frameworks inherent in IKS, higher education can rise above the traditional content-centric approach. Drawing from ancient Indian educational practices, the paper discusses how IKS encourages inquiry-based learning, self-reflection and contextual understanding, which are essential for addressing contemporary global challenges. The study also explores the challenges in implementing IKS in higher education and provide recommendationsincluding the need for curriculum redesigning, teacher training and policy support.
VOLUME 16, ISSUE 03, March, 2025
The objective of this study was to formulate mixed flours based on corn and sesame for children aged 6 to 18 months. Thus, 1630 g of corn flour and 524.93 g of sesame were purchased from the Matoto market. Thus, three formulations were manufactured: i) F10 (90% corn and 10% sesame), F20 (80% corn and 20% sesame), and F30 (70% corn and 30% sesame). The moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrates contents were determined according to AOAC standards for single and mixed flours. The moisture, dry matter, ash, protein, lipids and carbohydrates contents in corn flour were 11.97, 88.03, 1.23%, 7.03%, 4.34% and 74.81%, respectively. As for sesame flour, they were 8.56%, 91.94%, 4.6%, 21.60%, 53.53% and 8.67% for moisture, dry matter, ash, protein, lipids and carbohydrates contents, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that these two types of flour are significantly different (p < 0.05). For example, the dry matter contents were 87.58 ± 0.21%, 87.58 ± 0.15% and 88.07 ± 0.23% in F10, F20 and F30, respectively. The protein content increased significantly with the levels of sesame flour incorporation. These values were 9.20 ± 0.05%, 9.97 ± 0.01% and 10.49 ± 0.01% in F10, F20 and F30 formulation, respectively.
It Synthesis of 2-phenyl benzimidazole derivatives by oxidative condensation reaction with o-phenylenediamine (1.05 mmol), substituted benzaldehyde (1 mmol), catalyst cobalt (II) acetylacetoneand solvent CH3OH stirring at room temperature for 4 hours. Solubility experiments showed that the cobalt (II) acetylacetone is miscible with methanol and relatively readily soluble in polar solvents such as ethanol, and they are partially immiscible with no-polar solvents such as ethyl acetate, and tetrahydrofuran. The efficiency of the reaction was mainly affected by the amount of the catalyst. As can be seen from Table 1, the optimal amount of cobalt (II) acetylacetone was 0.05 mmol (entry 2). The isolated yield of 2-phenylbenzimidazole decreases with the increase of cobalt (II) acetylacetone from 0.05 mmol to 0.5 mmol.
It belongs to a class of beta-blockers that is used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina (chest discomfort). The current research focusses mainly on the development of analytical and bioanalytical procedures, as well as the various techniques developed for the estimate of etoricoxib, whether in bulk or pharmaceutical dose form. Because they enable us to use sophisticated analytical techniques to acquire both qualitative and quantitative results, analytical methods are essential for determining compositions. Metoprolol succinate can be analyzed using spectroscopic, electrochemical, chromatographic, or hyphenated methods. These techniques minimize the effects of crucial process parameters on accuracy and precision while also assisting in their comprehension. The development of analytical methods is necessary to meet regulatory requirements and maintain high standards for the quality of commercial products. Standards and processes for granting approval, authentication, and registration have been established by regulatory bodies in a number of countries in response to the reference. The purpose of bioanalytical techniques is to measure the amount of a medication, metabolite, or common biomarker in a variety of biological fluids, such as tissue extracts, serum, urine, and saliva.
Solanum melongena (SM) or eggplant and Solanum lycopersicum belongs to the family Solanaceae. The present research work investigates the effects of combination of both extracts for analgesics and inflammatory activities. Fresh leaves were collected, weighed, grinded and mixed into fine powder followed for Soxhlet extraction using hydro-alcohol (50-50%) as solvent. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated using eddy’s hot plate method and formalin induced paw oedema model using plethysmograph. Albino Wistar rats of either sex were divided into 4 groups each containing six animals where control group is treated with saline, standard group with (diclofenac sodium 10mg/kg-i.p.), test groups with hydro-alcoholic leaf extract of Solanum melongena and Solanum lycopersicum at doses 150mg/kg and 300 mg/kg (orally). The extracts showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 300mg/kg with respect to standard drug diclofenac sodium (10mg/kg). Analgesic activity using eddy’s hot plate method screened based on time taken to show pricking and licking movements showed significant analgesic activity at 300 mg/kg (9.08±0.19sec) similar with standard drug (8.9±0.39sec). Anti-inflammatory activity screened using formalin 5% (0.01ml) induced paw edema model. Standard group showed 77.61% decline in inflammation whereas the group receiving 300mg/kg also showed 73.77% decrease in inflammatory response measured using rise in mercury levels. The results indicate the leaf extracts at doses of 300mg/kg showed good analgesic and inflammatory activity due to synergistic effect.
Agricultural information is very important as it helps small-scale farmers with necessary information to make right decisions and improve agricultural productivity. Small-scale farmers in many countries including Tanzania are surrounded by many factors which influence access to agricultural information. Several studies have been done to examine these factors, however most of them were conducted in a number of years ago. This study which was conducted in year 2024, aimed to examine the factors influencing oil palm small-scale farmers’ access to agricultural information in Kigoma-Ujiji Municipal Council, Tanzania. It specifically examined the following factors: personal (farmer) factors, cultural factors (language barriers), and situational factors. These factors involved gender, age, educational level, sources of income, farm size, language barriers, limited information infrastructures, cost of accessing information, relevancy of information, and outdated information. The study was both descriptive and explanatory following a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire by interviewing 120 purposively selected oil palm small-scale farmers from three wards: Kagera, Kibirizi, and Businde. Checklists of questions were used to conduct the key informant interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20 software. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors influencing oil palm small-scale farmers’ access to agricultural information. The study found that factors had different degrees of influence on respondents’ access to agricultural information. Key findings indicated that about 64.2% of the respondents had no access to agricultural information, and the variables that significantly influenced the oil palm small-scale farmers’ access to agricultural information were age (β= -0.152; p=0.013), gender (β= -1.942; p=0.027), educational level (β= 4.264; p=0.004), and cultural factors (β=2.671; p=0.002). This study recommends strong efforts by local government, central government, and stakeholders (NGOs) to improve access to agricultural information.
Gender equality implies that men and women have equal opportunities in education, career growth, financial independence and political empowerment. Guaranteeing rights of women and providing avenues is critical for attaining equity. Major problems faced by them are security, motherhood, family responsibility and self-imposed gender subordination. Women have fewer opportunities for economic participation than men, less access to basic and higher education, greater health and safety risks, less visibility at the higher positions and less political representation/leadership. To increase participation and inculcate interest of females in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, conducting of women science congress and women centric programmes at regular intervals in routine required. Workshops, seminars for sharing career prospects, introduction/interaction with the successful leaders of excellence, networking between faculty and researchers, easy access to their icon & mentors is of great importance. At workplace having more female heads of organizations will provide a balanced safe & secured environment and inspiration to the young females. Substantial financial support will encourage tapping of scientific acumen for pursuing higher studies and research for financial independence. Offering lucrative leading position in the universities, research organizations and offices will attract talent and potential leaders to improve visibility and gender balance.
In Senegal, the agricultural sector constitutes a key sector for economic and social development. One in two households is active in agriculture. However, it is characterized by low productivity with an insufficient contribution of 9.6% to GDP (in 2022). To better boost the sector, the State is implementing several programs and projects. This research aims to evaluate the effects of support for animal and plant production on households benefiting from the Project for the Opening up of Production Zones in support of the National Local Development Program (POPZ/NLDP). The "before-after" method is used. It is based on the comparison of results recorded by key variables during and after a project, with those before the project. The targeted regions are those of Kaolack and Kaffrine, with two municipalities in each region. The questionnaires are administered to individuals chosen randomly, distributed in several villages and belonging to farmer organizations benefiting from project support. For the choice of non-beneficiaries, the “nearest neighbor with the same characteristics as the beneficiary” method is adopted.The results revealed a decline in the areas sown with millet and corn. This regression did not prevent the increase in the production of these crops, compared to the results obtained before the intervention of the project, in 2020. Household income, linked to these crops, has seen an absolute increase of 161,188 CFA franc, a relative increase of 391%. Poultry incomes decreased by 21.8% but those from sheep farming increased by 150%.
Mesothelioma, a malignant cancer affecting the pleura, peritoneum, and other organs, remains a major health challenge due to its poor prognosis. Proteins like Bcl-2A1 and Bcl2-L-10-2 contribute to apoptotic resistance, while NPM2 and CLDN-4 serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study used in silico methods to analyze these proteins, aiming to uncover molecular insights for targeted treatments. Using FASTA sequences from NCBI and PDB, 3D models were developed via homology modeling with Modeller 10.4 and validated using SAVES v6.0 and ProSA. Active site predictions with CASTp revealed five potential binding pockets per protein. Docking studies with Alimta and Bevacizumab identified key amino acids involved in drug interactions: LEU105, GLN23, and PHE43 in Bcl-2A1; ARG38, GLY23, and TYR17 in Bcl2-L-10-2; ARG12, TRP15, and GLY30 in NPM2; and VAL132, GLY163, and LEU73 in CLDN-4. These findings highlight crucial molecular targets, offering insights for developing more effective mesothelioma therapies.
Present study main objective is to assess the level of knowledge regarding women empowerment scheme among women's residing in rural area. Design: Descriptive research design. Setting: women residing rural area in a selected village at Trichy district. Sample: 60 women’s were selected. Sampling technique: Purposive sampling technique. Tool: researcher prepared validated questionnaire was given. Results: Study results revealed that 25% women having adequate knowledge 33% having moderately adequate knowledge 42% having inadequate knowledge.
L’objectif de notre étude a été de mettre en relief l’efficacité du phénomène d’adsorption en utilisant comme matériau adsorbant l’argile pour éliminer les eaux contaminées par la Lévofloxacine. Des billes d’argile environ 0,3 cm de diamètres ont été fabriquées et activées thermiquement. Diverses matrices telles que l'eau ultra pure et l'eau de rivière contaminée par la Lévofloxacine à des concentrations différentes ont été prises en compte. Deux expériences ont été réalisées à savoir, l’adsorption par hydrolyse et l’adsorption par l’argile. L’adsorption par hydrolyse a été réalisée à l’obscurité.Les résultats obtenus de cette expérience montrent l’inefficacités de l’adsorption de la Lévofloxacine.Par contre l’adsorption par l’argile a été réalisée en fonction de plusieurs paramètres tels que le pH de la Lévofloxacine, masse de l’argile, concentration de la Lévofloxacine, ces résultats ont relevé que l’efficacité de l’adsorption est fonction de ces paramètres.
Higher education institutions continuously seek innovative approaches to track and assess alumni employability to improve academic programs and career support services. This study explores the use of predictive analytics in higher education, specifically employing the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast alumni employability trends at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig (PLP). This research aims to enhance the alumni tracking by integrating predictive analytics into an online-based Alumni Tracking System, which streamlines data collection and provides valuable insights into employment trends. The proposed system is a web-based portal designed to optimize the tracking of college graduates of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Pasig that improve data management, and strengthen the connection between the institution and the alumni. Through this platform, the alumni can able to update their employment status, participate in institutional activities, and communicate with the university. Additionally, faculty and administrators can efficiently monitor alumni progress, analyze patter of the employment and can utilize data-driven decision-making enhancing curriculum development and support career programs. This study provides a data-driven approach to predict trends of employment, enabling the institution to anticipate industry demands and refine educational strategies accordingly by integrating ARIMA-based forecasting within the system. The automated feature of the system minimizes the burden on alumni while ensuring real-time, accurate data collection. The study’s findings highlight the potential of predictive analytics in alumni tracking, demonstrating how data-driven insights can contribute to institutional growth and graduate success.
In [22], Kumar introduced the notion of b2-multiplicative metric space. Czerwik [2] generalized the concept of metric space and put the idea and terminology of b-metric space. In [15] B. Surender Reddy et al presented the concept of 2-multiplicative metric space. In this paper we introduce the concept of R-weakly commutative mappings on b2-multiplicative metric space. Also we prove a common coincidence point theorem for two pairs of R-weakly commutative mappings on b2-multiplicative metric space.
Safou, an oilseed native to the Gulf of Guinea, is a highly perishable fruit, making it difficult to preserve and market. Its high perishability is attributed to the intense activity of cell wall degrading softening enzymes and its high-water content. Several alternatives have already been proposed to overcome this difficulty: storage in an aerated environment or at low temperature, pulp drying, oil extraction, processing into various food products (spreads, cookies, etc.). In spite of these efforts, the need for fresh fruit remains strong, thanks to its health benefits. The application of heat treatment in 4th range products is a good example. It has already shown good results in inhibiting the softening enzymes of several fruits, but unfortunately at temperatures harmful to saffron. Thermal denaturation of safou was carried out in boiling water for 1 min up to 10 min for whole fruit and up to 30 min for half pulp. 7 min seems to be the maximum time for effective denaturation of softening enzymes for whole fruit, and 1 min is more than sufficient for half pulp. Monitoring of the conservation of denatured half pulp in the presence of antifungal agents led to drying after 80 days, with an average water loss of 0.2%, probably facilitated by the opening and closing of the storage jars.
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, inflammatory skin disorder that is often characterized by the rapid multiplication of skin cells, leading to scaling and itching. It is an autoimmune disease and can be localized or generalized. This paper focuses on a 17-year-old female patient suffering from chronic psoriasis for 5–6 years presented with severe symptoms that hindered her daily life. She had visited 10-15 doctors with no lasting relief, until she sought treatment at Dr. Batra's homeopathy. After homeopathic treatment, she experienced 90% improvement, both physically and emotionally.
The present study has been carried out for the estimation of costs and returns in Paddy production in the district Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh. The primary data on costs and returns in the cultivation of Paddy have been collected from 150 farmers of marginal, small and large categories from two sample villages of Jakhania block in district Ghazipur for the year 2021-2022.The concepts of costs and returns suggested by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) have been used for estimation of costs and returns in Paddy cultivation.
Cooking is a transformation technique (preparation) by exposure to heat. This heat generally comes (in our regions) from wood, thus causing deforestation. To this can be added diseases due to the soot produced during the combustion of wood. The sun, this source of available and free energy can be used to replace wood for cooking. The development of solar cookers is proving to be a necessity for countries with strong sunshine. This work consists of setting up a solar cooker type reflector box and determining its performance in the city of Ouagadougou. In order to determine the performance of the cooker, readings were taken empty and loaded. These readings concerned the temperatures of the ambient air, the air in the cooker of the absorber and the water as well as the solar flux. From these measurements it can be seen that the absorber temperature reaches about 140°C, the water temperature reaches about 90°C and the air inside the oven reaches about 91°C under a sunshine of about 765 W/m 2. The merit factors F1 and F2 gave values of 0.152 and 0.42 respectively. The estimated efficiency is about 32.66%. These values testify to the performance of the designed cooker.
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition triggered by gluten, leading to intestinal damage and malabsorption. Symptoms include diarrhoea, bloating, and discomfort. A 35-year-old woman diagnosed with coeliac disease experienced severe reactions to wheat. After opting for homeopathic treatment at Dr Batra’s, her symptoms improved, and within a year, she could consume wheat without discomfort.
It is well-known that entangled particles have stronger correlations than what is permissible in classical scenario. Entanglement is exploited in the field of quantum computation and quantum technologies. In this era of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines one is concerned with tackling quantum noise in order to establish their advantage overclassical digital computers. Here we study the performance of IBM open access 7-qubit quantum processor ibmq_nairobifor Bell state tomography. We adapt a tomography scheme consisting of 7 measurement operations on the qubits q0, q1 and reconstruct Bell states. We find that there is a marked improvement in our figure-of-merit quantum fidelity, after error-mitigation methods are employed.
Over time, there has been a sharp rise in the quantity of skin care products available. People employ a range of skin care products in an effort to protect their bodies, stay away from smells, and develop appealing personalities. Mouthwash, lipsticks, foot powder, and complexion creams are some of these goods. Substances intended to be applied, rubbed, poured, sprinkled, sprayed, or inserted into the human body or any part of the body in order to cleanse, beautify, enhance attractiveness, or alter the appearance of skin are referred to as skin care preparations. The herbal plants such as chandan, alevore, calcium bentonite, etc. have the importance since ancient. Such plants are used and herbal face pack has been prepared. We have prepare the herbal face pack by such mentioned herbal plants. The evaluation of the product is done by the physical and chemical parameters as Ph, colour, odour, etc. For more evalution some voluntre were selected to check of the product. The result was found to be that this Herbal face pack can be used in day to day life without any harmful effect.
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is recognized as one of the most influential figures in history and commands a substantial following. Two prominent elements pay tribute to India's heritage. The Battle of Koregaon fought in January 1818, stands out as a pivotal moment in the struggle of Dalits who allied with Bajirao Peshwa II and the British in their fight against entrenched inequalities within Indian society. Of the 30,000 soldiers serving under Peshwa II, only 500 Mahar soldiers demonstrated remarkable courage and ultimately achieved victory over the Peshwa's forces. The Dalits exhibited heroism and resilience in their quest for self-respect, striving to dismantle the remnants of caste culture.
Cette étude explore l'impact des eaux usées sur la pollution des nappes phréatiques susceptible à la contamination des sources d’eau de boisson. Une étude impliquant une enquête auprès des ménages et des analyses physico-chimiques et microbiologiques des eau de puits, de forages et des eaux uses selon l’Association Française de Normalisation. Les résultats montrent que 68,01% des ménages s'approvisionnent en eau de forage et de de puits. L'analyse des échantillons d’eaux de puits, de forage et des eaux usées révèle plusieurs anomalies dans la qualité de l'eau sur le plan physico-chimique en particulier la conductivité (>1000 µS/cm), le pH, la concentration de solides dissous (1500 mg/L), le manganèse et les chlorures (> 250 mg/L), comparés aux normes de l'OMS. Les rapports DCO/DBO des trois échantillons d’eau usées sont supérieurs à 0,5 indiquant que les eaux usées contiennent une proportion importante de composés difficilement biodégradables. Tous les échantillons sont non conformes aux normes pour les flores anaérobies mésophiles le forage F2, les coliformes totaux et thermotolérants et les streptocoques fécaux. Seuls les anaérobies sulfito-réducteurs et les Escherichia coli respectent les normes. Ces eaux sont alors non satisfaisantes pour la consommation et doivent être assujetties aux techniques appropriées de traitement de l'eau.
In this work, thanks to 3D modelling, we were able to express the effective broadcast length as a function of dimensions (x, y) of crystal, loss rate at the limits of x and y, temperature and magnetic field, based on the distribution of carriers in the base volume, obtained from the minority carrier continuity equation. The effective broadcast length and short circuit current were calculated as a function of grain size, magnetic field and temperature. It was found that the short-circuit current is independent of the effective broadcast length but also on the grain size, magnetic field and temperature. This shows that the electrical parameters cannot be extrapolated to larger effective broadcast lengths since it is limited for a given optimal temperature, magnetic field and grain size. Also, a small effective broadcast length can be due to a small carrier scattering length, a small grain size, a high temperature or a high magnetic field.
The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge regarding government schemes available for geriatrics among elderly individuals residing in rural areas. The objective of the study was To assess the level of knowledge about geriatric government scheme among rural dwelling geriatrics at Trichy district, To find the association of knowledge score among rural dwelling geriatrics regarding geriatric government schemes with their selected demographic variables. The descriptive research design was adopted this study.50 geriatrics were selected by using Non probability convenient sampling technique. The level of knowledge was assessed by using self-structured knowledge questionnaires. Results shows thatKnowledge regarding geriatric government scheme among 50 geriatrics 2 (4%) of them had inadequate knowledge, 38 (76 %) of them hadmoderateknowledgeand 10(20%) of them had adequate knowledge regardinggeriatric scheme. The study concluded that the most of the geriatrics has moderate knowledge regarding geriatrics government schemes. There was no significant association between knowledge and demographics variables among dwelling geriatrics.
Despite the fact that Moringaoleifera extracts can enhance plant growth, improve yield, and increase resilience to abiotic and biotic stresses its effects on tomato plant growth have not been extensively researched. Hence, this study sought to investigate the potential of Moringaoleiferaextracts as aherbal growth agent of tomato plants. The study was conducted in Cape Coast. Three concentrations of Moringa leaf, bark and root were used as experimental set up whereas water was used as control. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and number of stem branches were determined. Means were compared by using two way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Leaf extract influenced the highest plant height (13. 99±0.15) followed by root (13.86±0.1), bark (13.33±0.13) and the control (9.25±0.76). The differences among the treatment means were statistically significant (F =29.40974; P<0.05). Though, all the Moringa extracts promoted longer leaf length, the differences among the treatment means were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The indication is that Moringa leaf, root and bark extracts promise to be tomato plant vegetative growth promoters. However, there is the need to undertake confirmation studies and to determine the exact content of the Moringa plant that does the promotion of tomato plant parts.
Azolla, a protein-rich aquatic fern, plays a vital role in goat nutrition due to its high digestibility and nutritional value and were utilized as a dietary protein source on the digestibility, milk yield, and milk quality of lactating upgraded goats. A 20 weeks (140 days) feeding trial with a 2 weeks acclimatization period was conducted using 16, first parity lactating 50% Anglo-Nubian x 50% Native goats in a Randomized Completely Block Design. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and significant differences among treatments were determined using Tukey’s Test at 5% level of significance. findings show that the final body weight of goats fed with formulation 4 (15% azolla) had significantly higher (p<0.05) final body weight of 31.75 kg compared to goats fed with formulation 1 (0% azolla) with 27.85 kg, but were comparable (p>0.05) to goats fed with formulation 3 (10% azolla) and formulation 2 (5% azolla) of 31.50 kg. Digestibility of feed and legumes was significantly higher (p<0.05) in goats fed with 5% azolla (90.76% and 77.06%, respectively) compared to the control, but comparable to those fed with 10% and 15% azolla. Milk analysis showed that the milk of goats fed with formulation 2 (5% azolla) had significantly higher (p<0.05) milk fat of 8.10 g/kg, protein of 4.80 g/kg, ash of 0.90 g/kg, Calcium of 204 mg/kg and 164 μg/kg compared to the milk quality of upgraded goats fed with other formulations. Additionally, goats fed with 5% azolla had the highest milk yield (696 ml/day) and profitability, with a net income of 788.85 and a return on investment of 18.80%. These findings suggest that incorporating 5% azolla in goat feed enhances growth performance, digestibility, and profitability, making it a viable strategy for improving goat production and income for farmers.
HID attacks have gradually made up as one of the major cyberspace threats that currently exist as far as current exploitations by decent operating systems are concerned, intended only for trusting USB devices. The attacks included the use of compromised USB devices for payload delivery using applications such as BadUSB and Rubber Ducky in commands to avoid security mechanisms and gain unauthorized access to the system's mechanisms. This survey paper reviews comprehensive literature related to HID attacks, covering various attack techniques, detection methods, and mitigation strategies proposed by different researchers. It has been found that most traditional security solutions such as antivirus applications and endpoint protection solutions fail to identify any HID-based threats as these execute at the hardware level. Many research efforts were made toward developing machine learning-based detection mechanisms, cryptographic authentication, and solutions to develop the hardware security subsystem to fight against such attacks. However, the attackers always change their tactics, so there must be a strategy of multi-layered defense consisting of appropriate real-time monitoring, enforcement of policies, and user awareness training. It also discusses several gaps that nations still have in HID attack mitigation and most importantly, future work in adaptive and proactive security measures research.
Las estrategias de aprendizaje desempeñaron un rol fundamental en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora, particularmente en el ámbito universitario, lo que motivó la investigación de su influencia en estudiantes ingresantes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la relación entre las estrategias de aprendizaje y la comprensión lectora en estudiantes que recién iniciaban su formación en la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo correlacional de alcance transeccional. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 84 estudiantes, a quienes se les aplicaron instrumentos específicos para evaluar ambas variables. Los resultados evidenciaron una relación positiva entre el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje y los niveles de comprensión lectora, lo que indicó que un empleo más eficaz de dichas estrategias estuvo vinculado con un mejor rendimiento en lectura. Se concluyo que el empleo más eficiente de las estrategias de aprendizaje estuvo relacionado con un incremento en los niveles de comprensión lectora, lo que confirmó una asociación directa y positiva entre ambas variables.
This paper attempts to show the effect of the culture of the coopetitors on the two components of coopetition, between VSEs. Our methodology is quantitative exploratory based on data from a questionnaire administered to 652 drivers of eleven nationalities. Correspondence factor analysis and moderation and mediation tests were used to process the data. The exploration indicates that individualistic national and transnational cultures influence the structure of coopetition. The tests specify these influences. Indeed, the individualistic transnational culture of the actors has a negative moderating effect and a confounding effect on competitive coopetition. In addition, it negatively moderates balanced coopetition. Individualistic national culture has a positive moderating effect and an inconsistent mediating effect on competitive coopetition. The theoretical contribution of this research makes it possible to specify the cultural influences of the actors on the tensions between cooperation and competition in the dynamics of coopetition. Taking into account the cultural dimension and its influences makes it possible to theoretically specify the dosage between the components of coopetition. This consideration will allow managers to position themselves in their business relations on a national and/or transnational scale, to take advantage of this dynamic.
The student's motor engagement reflects his personal investment in achieving a goal that he has set for himself, or that has been assigned to him. The motor task is the main lever allowing the teacher to mobilize the student's resources, motivate him and promote his progress. This study is based on the theories of self-determination and contextual motivation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the practice time of middle school students during their engagement in motor tasks, to compare the motor investment between girls and boys in scheduled physical and sports activity and to analyze the impact of motor tasks on their engagement. The methodology is based on systematic observations made among students at Bernadette Bayonne in Brazzaville.The results show that the actual time devoted to the motor task represents on average 23.34% of the official time of the main part of the lessons. This investment depends directly on the quality and richness of the tasks proposed. Furthermore, the analysis shows that girls and boys present identical levels of engagement, contradicting gender stereotypes in PE.
In this work, Enhanced Luminescence properties of Eu3+doped Sr2CeO4 phosphor were prepared by Conventional Solid State Reaction (SSR) method. The obtained phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Photoluminescence (PL) and The Commission International de l’Eclairage co-ordinates (CIE). XRD reveals that except Sr2CeO4, no other phase exists in the XRD spectra. SEM image is exhibits the grains like morphology with different sizes and shapes. PL emission spectrum of un-doped Sr2CeO4 phosphor shows broad emission from 350 – 650nm. This broad band is due to f→t1g transition of Ce4+. The emission spectra of Eu3+doped Sr2CeO4 phosphor with(0.5mol%) with citric acid(C6H8O7) as flux shows peaks at 467, 491, 512, 537,557, 585, 590, 601, 611 and 616nm under 254 & 270nm excitation. The CIE co-ordinates were calculated by the Spectrophotometric method using the spectral energy distribution of un-doped Sr2CeO4 and Eu3+doped Sr2CeO4phosphor with (0.5mol %) were analysized.
This Naturopathy is a form of healthcare that combines modern treatment with traditional methods. It includes alternative, natural therapies to modern medicine. Naturopathy, is a system that uses natural substances to treat the patient. It also considers the environmental factors involved which on the whole disturbs the normal functioning of the body. The techniques of naturopathy are a blend of modern and traditional methods. Naturopathic treatment includes diet and clinical nutrition, homeopathy, physical medicine, pharmaceuticals and minor surgery. Naturopathic treatments are administered in accordance with the nature and gravity of the disease. Naturopathy benefits are used to treat a variety of condition including allergies, arthritis, depression etc. Naturopathic Medicine, or Naturopathy, is a system that uses natural substances to treat the patient and recognition that the patient’s mental, emotional, and physical states must all be treated for a lasting effect. Naturopathic treatments helped control problems that follow operations. For example, acupuncture and acupressure can reduce symptoms of vomiting and nausea. Aromatherapy and music may also reduce pain, stress, and anxiety. Naturopaths work on a more personal level, spending more time covering individual needs. They create treatment plans that consider all aspects of a person. Naturopathy can be useful alongside modern medicine, and many say these methods allow the body to activate self-healing mechanisms. Naturopathic healthcare can also be a cheaperTrusted Source alternative to conventional healthcare.Naturopathy includes nutrition, hydrotherapy, fasting therapy, yoga, behavioural therapy, and health promotion. It integrates the physical, mental, and spiritual aspects of human being and has the capacity to prevent and in some cases also cure the diseases. The system needs to promote its benefits to the public to attract them towards it.
This work deals with the potential of radar and optical imagery in mapping favorable sites for gold and uranium prospecting in the departments of Abtouyour and Guéra. The objective of this work is to identify potential sites for gold and uranium prospecting. Landsat 9 images, Aster images and Palsar images were used as input data. The lineaments of the study area were extracted from the Palsar images and subsequently validated by geophysical data. The iron oxide index (IOF), clay mineral index (IMA), Relative Band Depth 1, 2 and 3 parameters made it possible to extract hydrothermal alteration minerals and iron oxides. Alteration minerals and iron oxides were extracted by segmentation. Then the lineament density was generated using the lineament file. Favorable sites for gold and uranium prospecting are identified based on a multi-criteria analysis combining the different alteration minerals, iron oxides and lineament density. The results obtained highlight favorable sites located in the far south, far north and central part of the province. Field studies allowed the samples to be collected and analyzed. It was also found that these sites obtained coincide with the artisanal gold mining areas.
This Chronic liver disease refers to a progressive condition affecting liver function due to factors like fatty liver, infections, or toxin exposure, often leading to inflammation and fibrosis. A 24-year-old male came to Dr Batra’s Panchkula clinic with grade 1 fatty liver and a 4-year history of elevated liver enzymes sought homeopathic treatment. Within just one month of homeopathic intervention, his liver function tests normalized, highlighting the potential of a holistic approach to manage CLD effectively while improving overall health and immunity.
Wetlands pharmaceutical contamination in drinking water has emerged as a critical global challenge, posing significant risks to human health and aquatic ecosystems. Pharmaceuticals enter water sources through household waste, agricultural runoff, and industrial discharges, persisting due to their chemical stability and resistance to conventional treatment methods. The presence of these contaminants contributes to antimicrobial resistance, endocrine disruption, and bioaccumulation, raising concerns about long-term health effects, including reproductive and metabolic disorders. This review comprehensively examines the pathways of pharmaceutical contamination, the associated human health risks, and the environmental consequences. Advanced detection techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, enable precise monitoring of pharmaceutical residues, while treatment technologies, including advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, and activated carbon adsorption, are evaluated for their efficacy in mitigating contamination. The study also highlights critical regulatory gaps, particularly in developing regions, where pharmaceutical pollution levels often exceed global averages. To address these challenges, an integrated approach combining public education, policy reforms, and sustainable pharmaceutical practices is recommended. Strengthening wastewater treatment infrastructure, enforcing stricter regulations, and promoting green chemistry principles in pharmaceutical manufacturing are essential steps toward mitigating contamination at its source. This review provides actionable insights to guide future research, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements in safeguarding global water resources and public health.
Wetlands are rare ecosystems in arid tropical regions, playing multiple ecological roles and providing multiple ecosystem services. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are increasingly subject to strong anthropogenic pressures resulting from high population growth and the effects of climate variability. A good knowledge of the biodiversity of these ecosystems is essential for their sustainable management, as it is both the source and the product of their proper functioning. Macroinvertebrates are one of the most important links in the animal biodiversity of wetlands. However, knowledge of macroinvertebrates in the Bangr-Wéoogo urban park remains limited. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macroinvertebrates in the Bangr-Weoogo urban park, key players in the biological balance and food web of wetlands. To this end, macroinvertebrates were sampled monthly between March and June 2023, using the multihabitat sampling method and a standard AQEM/STAR net sampler with 25 cm × 25 cm opening and 500 µm mesh. Samples were stored in flasks with ethanol (90%). In the laboratory, specimens were sorted with entomological forceps and identified under a magnifying glass, using taxonomic manuals. A total of 21 macroinvertebrate families have been identified, comprising insects, molluscs and crustaceans. Insects are the most abundant and diverse. Taxa known to be sensitive to pollution, such as Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera, are poorly represented, while molluscs are proportionally dominant. This could indicate the onset of eutrophication. These results show that the park's ecological integrity is under threat. Managers must take urgent action to remedy this degradation of the Bangr-Wéogo Urban Park.
Agriculture in Burkina Faso faces a number of difficulties, including climatic constraints and poor soil conditions. Added to this is the high cost of chemical fertilizers. However, effluents such as pig slurry are multiple sources of plant nutrients, and would enable more eco-responsible management of these dejecta. The study was conducted over two consecutive years at the FarakoBâ experimental station in Burkina Faso. The experimental set-up is a completely randomized fisher block. Four treatments of pig slurry was applied in varying doses, and four other treatments in which, in addition to pig slurry, mineral fertilizer was applied at differents doses. The results of the study revealed inter-annual variation in grain and dry matter yields. Grain yield varied from 4.4t.h-1 in the first year of study to 2.82 4t.h-1 in the second year of experimentation. The results of the study showed an improvement in grain and dry matter yields in treatments combining 5 ton of pig slurry with 100% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizer. Yields reached 5.49 t.h-1. Concerning soil physico-chemical parameters, C/N values were around 10.89 in treatments with slurry inputs. On the other hand, this ratio was reached in the soil samples taken before the crop was planted. Assimilable phosphorus values improved with the addition of slurry.
This paper analyses why traditional market models, such as perfect competition,monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and duopoly, are not suitableforthe dynamics of digital business platforms. While these models were developed for traditional physical goods and services markets, digital platforms introduce unique characteristics like network effects, low marginal costs, multi-homing, and data-driven competition that alter the competitive landscape. The study reveals that digital platforms often lead to winner-takes-all outcomes, lower barriers to entry, and rapid innovation, which challenges conventional economic theories. Additionally, the rise of multi-homing and the dynamic nature of digital markets make it difficult for firms to maintain stable monopolies or oligopolies. The research underscores the need for more nuanced models to understand platform competition and calls for the development of adaptive regulatory frameworks to address the complexities of digital business environments. These findings contribute to ongoing discussions on digital governance and the need for policy approaches that balance innovation with protecting competition and consumer rights.
Natural resources are facing serious degradation all over the world as a result of rapid population growth. This galloping population puts pressure on agroforestry ecosystems around the world. Yet, developing countries do not have methods to appraise the economic value of services provided by these ecosystems. They offer many opportunities to improve people’s livelihoods. However, trapped in the socio-economic development process, agroforestry faces different threats including: deforestation, soil degradation, pollution, overexploitation of biotic and abiotic resources, etc. This work has contributed to identify agroforestry ecosystems and their services in order to determine their value. It will contribute to raising awareness among public and private decision-makers on the importance of agroforestry in terms of its input to protecting the environment and maintaining economic activity and ensuring populations’ well-being. Applying the market price and avoided cost method, the work focused on analysing the economic value of ecosystem services provided by agroforestry in the foothills of Mumirwa. Results showed that ecosystem services provide a yearly average of 548,647.6 FBU while the minimum sum of a household is 300,000 FBU and the maximum is 1,200,000 FBU yearly. However, these methods used to assess ecosystem services remain complex. They are very often limited to direct use values and therefore, ignore non-use values constituting an important part of the total economic value of biodiversity. The study proves that agroforestry provides various environmental and economic benefits. From an economic point of view, households diversify their sources of income through agroforestry practices found on their farms. In a context of climate change, agroforestry ecosystems contribute to the reconstitution degraded landscapes and soil's regulation.
Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest genital tract cancer worldwide, and has a high burden of morbidity and mortality in developing countries of which Nigeria is part of. Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) increases the risk of dysplastic changes in the cervix leading to increasing premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Pregnant HIV positive women may be at a higher risk of having pre-invasive cervical lesions. Pregnancy presents an opportunity to screen women of reproductive age for the premalignant lesions of the cervix using Pap smear. Objectives: The objective of this study is to study the association between the cytological patterns of Pap smear of pregnant women who are HIV positive and the viral load levels at the antenatal clinic of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (AE-FUTHA). Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that involved collecting Pap smear from consenting HIV positive pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of AE-FUTHA. One hundred pregnant HIV positive women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave consent were recruited into the study by consecutive sampling method. A pretested questionnaire was administered to the women to get needed information for the study. Papanicolaou smear test was done on each of the participants. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital veins of the forearms of the HIV positive women and sent to the laboratory for estimation of viral load. The data were analysed using Epi info version 7.2.1. The continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation while categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. Categorical variables were analysed using Chi square (Fisher’s exact test was also used), while means were compared using t-test. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of abnormal Pap smear among HIV positive pregnant women was 24%. There was no relationship between viral load and abnormal Pap smear for HIV positive women with viral load less than 1000 copies per ml. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated no association between viral load and abnormal smear in HIV positive pregnant women.
Growth finance institutions are essential for financing economic growth. These specialized banks cover gaps in the market. They provide long-term financial options that are often not accessible through traditional banks. They focus on funding development projects in regions that are neglected by conventional lenders. To address significant financial gaps, DFIs employ infrastructure loans, equity investments, and technical assistance. They help spark private investment for social and economic progress.Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) are specialized financial institutions. They make growth capital available, mostly for development-oriented projects. The promotion of social and economic development is the main duty of DFIs. The present topic of this study is an in-depth conceptual analysis of the creation and evolution of financial institutions in India.
Rasa taila is an Traditional taila preparation of kerala, mentioned in Arogya Raksa Kalpadrumah 24 th chapter, vaata vyadhi context, Manya Graha chikistsa. This text is more practically oriented and can be considered as a Ayurvedic pediatrician's quick reference hand book, the content is rearranged in forty seven chapters. The chapters were named as stavaka. Content of Rasa taila - Aja mamsa (Goats meat - limb), Bala (Sida Cardifolia), Tila taila (sesamum oil) and Go skheera (cows milk). Its indicated in vata vyadhi in childen like hemiplegia, Paraplegia.
Haemorrhoids, characterised by the prolapse or enlargement of the vascular cushions of the rectum and anus, affect a significant proportion of the population, resulting in symptoms such as bleeding, pain, and itching. The management of haemorrhoids varies according to the severity of the condition, with both surgical and minimally invasive options available. This review aims to provide an evidence-based analysis of conventional surgical techniques in hemorrhoid treatment, including open and closed hemorrhoidectomy, stapled hemorrhoidopexy, Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation (DG-HAL), and others. The efficacy of these methods is compared, and specific patient selection criteria are discussed to help identify the most suitable treatment for individual patients. The review synthesises findings from clinical studies, meta-analyses, and expert opinions to develop a comprehensive framework for optimising haemorrhoid treatment outcomes.
En el ámbito educativo, la voz del docente se erige como una herramienta multifacética y poderosa que va más allá de simplemente transmitir información. Este artículo explora el papel fundamental que desempeña la voz en la comunicación efectiva dentro del entorno educativo. Desde la claridad y la expresividad que facilitan la comprensión hasta la capacidad de mantener la atención y fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes, la voz se convierte en un elemento crucial para el aprendizaje significativo. Además, este estudio analiza cómo el tono, la entonación y la empatía en la voz del profesor pueden crear un ambiente inclusivo y motivador en el aula, estableciendo conexiones afectivas que mejoran la experiencia educativa. Al modelar habilidades lingüísticas y comunicativas, la voz del docente se convierte en una fuente inagotable de inspiración y motivación para los estudiantes, creando así un espacio propicio para el crecimiento intelectual y emocional. En última instancia, este artículo destaca cómo la voz, como herramienta de comunicación, no solo transmite conocimiento, sino que también moldea el proceso de aprendizaje y enriquece las interacciones humanas en el contexto educativo.
Wild mushrooms are vitally important non-timber forest products. However, changes in biodiversity and the effects of climate change are influencing their seasonal availability. Different types of substrate were formulated for this study, including three based on sawdust and one based on banana leaves. Before spawning, the culture bags were sterilised and then divided into three groups according to the type of oyster mushroom species (Pleurotus cornucopiae, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus). After spawning, the culture bags were stored in a dark room until they were completely invaded. They were then stored in a fruiting room. The parameters assessed were: stipe height, number of clumps, number of runts, average number of plants per clump, cap diameter, carpophore mass and yield. The results of the statistical analyses showed that the substrates had an influence on changes in the various parameters considered. The study carried out on the evaluation of the production potential of various oyster mushroom species showed that Pleurotus cornucopiae was the species that recorded a high yield on sawdust-based substrates compared with the other oyster mushroom species.
Wild High insulin resistance is a condition where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to elevated levels of insulin in the blood. Homeopathy addresses insulin resistance by aiming to improve the body’s insulin sensitivity and overall metabolism. This paper highlights a case study of a 36-year-old female who came to Dr Batra’s with severe insulin resistance, showcasing how individualized homeopathic treatment helped alleviate her symptoms and improved her quality of life.
Mineral coal bottom ash, a residue from power plants, is an under-exploited industrial waste in Niger despite its interesting properties, notably its low density. This study aims to add value to this material by developing an economical, high-performance composite combining bottom ash powder (≤80 microns) and construction plaster, intended for interior applications such as false ceilings, wall coverings and decorations. Mortars with different proportions of clinker (0-70%) were formulated to assess their mechanical strength and thermal conductivity. The results show that replacing plaster with 20-35% clinker optimizes technical performance, with a 1.32-fold increase in compressive strength for 20% clinker. Thermal properties are also unaffected. This composite material offers an economically advantageous solution, by reducing the cost of construction materials and valorizing the large stocks of bottom ash accumulated, notably at the SONICHAR company in Niger. This approach contributes to the sustainable management of industrial waste while meeting the needs of the construction sector.
For better watershed control, protection, water resource planning and seabed development; it is important to aquire master the its physical environment. The aim of this study is to understand the hydrological functioning of the watershed through its physical environment in order to successfully manage it. The data from the 30 m resolution Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and the 1/200,000 scale urban mapping of the study area were used. The description of the watershed showed that it is an elongated and covers an area of 498.78 km2. It is characterized by an old relief with a very low slope with an average drainage density of about 0.67 km/km2. The shallows cover an area of 1981 ha. This study shows the sensibility of the catchment to run-off and consequently to develop it in order to ensure its sustainable exploitation.
The aim of the work was to produce a geological and structural map of the Ouaddai massif using landsat and radar data. We used landsat-8 images to extract the lithological map (colour composition and ratio bands) and PALSAR DEM radar to extract the lineament map (using different filters). For the radar sensor, a total of 2188 lineaments were detected and extracted, with two main rock fracturing directions (ESE-WNW (90° to 115°) and NE-SW (45° to 65°)). For the landsat-8 sensor, a total of 987 lineaments were extracted, with two main lineament directions (NE-SW or N45° to 65° and ENE-WSW or 115° to 135°). Field observation revealed that the geological bedrock in the eastern part of the Ouaddaï massif is mainly granitic. The NE-SW and SE-NW directions are the main fracturing directions in these geological formations.
The present work aims to determine the influence of the nature of the combined materials on the measurement of the conductivity of an aqueous ionic solution. In this study, 4 types of electrodes (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al) and lead Pb) were used. Correlation curves, current intensities and the degree of mineralization of the solution were layout. The correlation coefficients varying between 0.9877 and 1 indicate a very good correlation between the degree of mineralization of the ionic solution and the intensity of the measured direct current and the reliability of the method. The results show that for the same solution, the current intensity is a function of the nature of the two combined electrodes.